Besides, the beneficial effects of taurine in diabetic cardiovascular complications are well documented ( Franconi et al. 2008 Abebe and Mozaffari 2011 Lambert et al. The beneficial effects of taurine have been demonstrated in many diseases such as decreased serum low-density lipoprotein, decreased progression of atherosclerosis, and protection against ischemia–reperfusion injury of the myocardium ( Schaffer and Kim 2018 Xu et al. Also, its main role in these energy drinks is probably to protect the body from high caffeine consumption. According to what is known about the beneficial effects of taurine and its distribution in the body as well as its chemistry, this osmolyte can be one of the energizers. Intracellular taurine concentration is known to be very stable unless there is an osmotic, chemical, or mechanical insult to the cell that decreases the content of the cell by the release of taurine to reestablish the osmotic equilibrium ( Sturman et al. However, it does not seem that elevated concentrations of taurine have side effects, at least in the heart, probably due to its elimination in the urine and to the saturable effect of the taurine transporter ( Sved et al. One may wonder what is the energizer in these drinks: taurine, caffeine, or sugar or all of them together? The high consumption of taurine-containing energy drinks also renewed the interest in the possible side effects and toxicity of taurine. The presence of taurine at high concentrations in energy drinks and its use by young people and athletes have renewed the need for better understanding of the beneficial and nonbeneficial effects of taurine as well as its mechanisms of action. However, the daily need for the body is close to 3000 mg ( Shao and Hathcock 2008), hence the need to recommend an exogenous taurine supplement. Although meat is very rich in taurine, its consumption in humans only supplies near 400 mg/day of the amino acid. This indicates its important role in human development and the dependence of humans on exogenous taurine intake. The plasma concentration of taurine is known to decrease during human development and aging ( Fukuda et al. In humans, taurine can be found at high concentrations in the plasma (near 50–150 μmol/L) ( Yamamoto 1996 Trautwein and Hayes 1990), bile, and saliva as well as being very abundant in heart tissue (6 μmol/L). Two organs, the heart and the brain, are known to produce their own taurine, but in very limited quantities ( Schaffer and Kim 2018). Taurine is a nonessential amino acid that has received much attention ( Azuma et al. Dans cet article de synthèse, nous nous pencherons en particulier sur l’état actuel de la modulation du système cardiovasculaire par la taurine, et nous discuterons des avenues futures pour son utilisation en tant que traitement de supplémentation dans une maladie cardiovasculaire spécifique : l’hypertrophie et l’insuffisance cardiaque. La plupart de ses effets ont été attribués à sa modulation de l’homéostasie du Ca 2+, ainsi qu’à ses propriétés antioxydantes. Un très grand ensemble de publications a rapporté les bienfaits de la taurine dans le dysfonctionnement hépatique, les lésions gastro-intestinales, l’insuffisance rénale, le diabète et les maladies cardiovasculaires. Aujourd’hui, la taurine est présente dans presque toutes les boissons énergétiques. C’est la raison pour laquelle il est nécessaire de fournir une supplémentation pour cet acide aminé. Deux organes, le cœur et le cerveau, sont connus pour produire leur propre taurine, mais en quantités très limitées. La taurine est un acide aminé non essentiel qui a reçu beaucoup d’attention.
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